130 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
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# DI-001: Arquitectura Backend
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**Proyecto:** Sistema de Registro de Estudiantes
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**Fecha:** 2026-01-07
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---
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## 1. Patrón: Clean Architecture + CQRS
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```
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┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ HOST │
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│ (Program.cs, DI, Configuration) │
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└─────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐
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│ ADAPTERS │
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│ ┌──────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ DRIVING (Primary) │ DRIVEN (Secondary) │ │
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│ │ ────────────────── │ ───────────────────── │ │
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│ │ GraphQL API │ Persistence (EF Core) │ │
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│ │ (HotChocolate) │ DataLoaders │ │
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│ └──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐
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│ APPLICATION │
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│ Commands / Queries / Handlers / Validators │
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└─────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐
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│ DOMAIN │
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│ Entities / Value Objects / Services / Ports │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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---
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## 2. Regla de Dependencia
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```
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Host → Adapters → Application → Domain
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↑
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Adapters implementa Ports
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```
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**INVIOLABLE:** Domain NO depende de nada externo.
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---
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## 3. Responsabilidades por Capa
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| Capa | Responsabilidad | Tecnología |
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|------|-----------------|------------|
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| **Domain** | Entidades, Value Objects, reglas de negocio puras, Ports (interfaces) | C# puro |
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| **Application** | Casos de uso (Commands/Queries), DTOs, Validators, orquestación | MediatR, FluentValidation, Mapster |
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| **Adapters/Driving** | GraphQL API (Types, Resolvers, Mutations) | HotChocolate |
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| **Adapters/Driven** | Repositorios, DbContext, DataLoaders | EF Core, SQL Server |
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| **Host** | Composition Root, DI, Middleware | ASP.NET Core |
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---
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## 4. Estructura de Proyectos
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```
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src/backend/
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├── Domain/
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│ ├── Entities/ # Student, Subject, Professor, Enrollment
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│ ├── ValueObjects/ # Email, Credits
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│ ├── Services/ # EnrollmentDomainService
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│ ├── Ports/
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│ │ └── Repositories/ # IStudentRepository, ISubjectRepository
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│ └── Exceptions/ # MaxEnrollmentsException, SameProfessorException
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│
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├── Application/
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│ ├── Students/
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│ │ ├── Commands/ # CreateStudentCommand, UpdateStudentCommand
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│ │ ├── Queries/ # GetStudentsQuery, GetStudentByIdQuery
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│ │ └── DTOs/ # StudentDto, CreateStudentInput
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│ ├── Enrollments/
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│ │ ├── Commands/ # EnrollCommand, UnenrollCommand
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│ │ ├── Queries/ # GetClassmatesQuery
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│ │ └── DTOs/ # EnrollmentDto, EnrollInput
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│ └── Common/
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│ ├── Behaviors/ # ValidationBehavior
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│ └── Mappings/ # MapsterConfig
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│
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├── Adapters/
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│ ├── Driving/
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│ │ └── Api/
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│ │ ├── Types/ # StudentType, SubjectType
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│ │ ├── Queries/ # QueryResolvers
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│ │ └── Mutations/ # MutationResolvers
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│ └── Driven/
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│ └── Persistence/
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│ ├── Context/ # AppDbContext
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│ ├── Configs/ # StudentConfiguration
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│ ├── Repos/ # StudentRepository
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│ └── Seeding/ # DataSeeder
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│
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└── Host/
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└── Program.cs # Entry point + DI
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```
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---
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## 5. Flujo de una Request
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```
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1. GraphQL Request → HotChocolate Resolver
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2. Resolver → Application Handler (via MediatR)
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3. Handler → Validator (FluentValidation)
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4. Handler → Domain Service (reglas de negocio)
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5. Handler → Repository (persistencia)
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6. Repository → DbContext → SQL Server
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7. Response ← DTO ← Mapper ← Entity
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```
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---
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## 6. Decisiones de Arquitectura
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| Decisión | Razón |
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|----------|-------|
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| GraphQL vs REST | Flexibilidad en queries, evita over/under-fetching |
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| HotChocolate | Mejor soporte .NET, Code-First, DataLoaders |
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| MediatR | Desacopla handlers, facilita CQRS |
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| Mapster | Más rápido que AutoMapper |
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| FluentValidation | Validaciones declarativas y testeables |
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