academia/docs/entregables/03-configuracion/DV-004-configuracion-base-datos.md

DV-004: Configuración Base de Datos

Proyecto: Sistema de Registro de Estudiantes Fecha: 2026-01-07

---

1. Docker Compose (SQL Server)

# deploy/docker/docker-compose.yml
services:
  sqlserver:
    image: mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server
    container_name: sqlserver-students
    environment:
      - ACCEPT_EULA=Y
      - SA_PASSWORD=${DB_PASSWORD:-Asde71.4Asde71.4}
      - MSSQL_PID=Developer
    ports:
      - "1433:1433"
    volumes:
      - sqlserver-data:/var/opt/mssql
    healthcheck:
      test: /opt/mssql-tools18/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P "$$SA_PASSWORD" -C -Q "SELECT 1"
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

volumes:
  sqlserver-data:

---

2. Comandos Docker

# Iniciar SQL Server
docker-compose -f deploy/docker/docker-compose.yml up -d sqlserver

# Ver logs
docker logs sqlserver-students

# Conectar a SQL Server
docker exec -it sqlserver-students /opt/mssql-tools18/bin/sqlcmd \
  -S localhost -U sa -P 'Asde71.4Asde71.4' -C

# Detener
docker-compose -f deploy/docker/docker-compose.yml down

---

3. Connection String

// appsettings.Development.json
{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=localhost;Database=StudentEnrollment;User Id=sa;Password=Asde71.4Asde71.4;TrustServerCertificate=True"
  }
}

---

4. DbContext Configuration

// Adapters/Driven/Persistence/Context/AppDbContext.cs
public class AppDbContext : DbContext
{
    public AppDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppDbContext> options) : base(options) { }

    public DbSet<Student> Students => Set<Student>();
    public DbSet<Subject> Subjects => Set<Subject>();
    public DbSet<Professor> Professors => Set<Professor>();
    public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments => Set<Enrollment>();

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(typeof(AppDbContext).Assembly);
    }
}

---

5. Registrar DbContext

// Adapters/Driven/Persistence/DependencyInjection.cs
public static class DependencyInjection
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddPersistence(
        this IServiceCollection services,
        IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options =>
            options.UseSqlServer(
                configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

        services.AddScoped<IStudentRepository, StudentRepository>();
        services.AddScoped<ISubjectRepository, SubjectRepository>();
        services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, UnitOfWork>();

        return services;
    }
}

---

6. Migraciones

# Crear migración inicial
dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate \
  -p src/backend/Adapters.Driven.Persistence \
  -s src/backend/Host

# Aplicar migración
dotnet ef database update \
  -p src/backend/Adapters.Driven.Persistence \
  -s src/backend/Host

# Generar script SQL
dotnet ef migrations script \
  -p src/backend/Adapters.Driven.Persistence \
  -s src/backend/Host \
  -o database/scripts/create.sql

---

7. Seed Data

// Adapters/Driven/Persistence/Seeding/DataSeeder.cs
public static class DataSeeder
{
    public static void Seed(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        // Profesores
        modelBuilder.Entity<Professor>().HasData(
            new { Id = 1, Name = "Dr. García" },
            new { Id = 2, Name = "Dra. Martínez" },
            new { Id = 3, Name = "Dr. López" },
            new { Id = 4, Name = "Dra. Rodríguez" },
            new { Id = 5, Name = "Dr. Hernández" }
        );

        // Materias (2 por profesor)
        modelBuilder.Entity<Subject>().HasData(
            new { Id = 1, Name = "Matemáticas I", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 1 },
            new { Id = 2, Name = "Matemáticas II", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 1 },
            new { Id = 3, Name = "Física I", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 2 },
            new { Id = 4, Name = "Física II", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 2 },
            new { Id = 5, Name = "Programación I", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 3 },
            new { Id = 6, Name = "Programación II", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 3 },
            new { Id = 7, Name = "Base de Datos I", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 4 },
            new { Id = 8, Name = "Base de Datos II", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 4 },
            new { Id = 9, Name = "Redes I", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 5 },
            new { Id = 10, Name = "Redes II", Credits = 3, ProfessorId = 5 }
        );
    }
}